5 PACK

GGG (Gd3Ga5O12) Gadolinium Gallium Garnet Crystal Substrates (5pack)

£205.00
(5 Pack)

Price per substrate = £41.00 ea

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AVAILABILITY: In Stock - Delivery straight away

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MATERIAL INFORMATION
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
XRD ANALYSIS
DELIVERY
FAQS
MATERIAL INFORMATION

Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG, Gd3Ga5O12) is a colorless synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group, with good mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. It has cubic lattice, density 7.08 g/cm3 and Mohs hardness is variously noted as 6.5 and 7.5. Single crystals are made by Czochralski method and can be made with addition of various dopants for modification of color. It is used in fabrication of various optical components and as substrate material for magneto–optical films (e.g YIG and YAG).

Garnets are an interesting group of materials with the general formula of X3Y2(XO4)3. The X site is usually occupied by divalent cations (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn)2+ and the Y site by trivalent cations (Al, Fe, Cr)3+ in an octahedral/tetrahedral framework with [XO4]4− occupying the tetrahedra. For GGG, the formula can be written as Gd3Ga5O12 or in Gd3Ga2(GaO4)3. 

Interesting magnetic properties arise when the appropriate elements are used on the X and Y site in synthetic garnets. A garnet of significant scientific interest is yttrium iron garnet (YIG), Y3Fe2(FeO4)3, the five iron(III) ions occupy two octahedral and three tetrahedral sites, with the yttrium(III) ions coordinated by eight oxygen ions in an irregular cube. The iron ions in the two coordination sites exhibit different spins, resulting in magnetic behavior. YIG is a ferrimagnetic material having a Curie temperature of 550 K. Yttrium iron garnet can be made into YIG spheres, which serve as magnetically tunable filters and resonators for microwave frequencies.

YIG is difficult and expensive to grow as single crystals so in the lab, and as many experiments will want to substitute X and Y sites e.g. for BixY3-xFe5O12 or Ce1Y2Fe5O12 this would further complicate the growth process so GGG is used as a substrate and YIG is grown as a thin film with the required dopants coming included in the target. 

Another material which is studied using GGG substrates is Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG, Y3Al2(AlO4)3). When doped with neodymium, erbium or gadolinium, YAG can be used as a lasing medium. Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Gd:YAG lasers are used in medical procedures including laser skin resurfacing, dentistry, and ophthalmology.

In pulsed laser deposition, GGG readily supports growth of YIG and YAG at moderate temperature (500-700 ºC) in oxygen background of 100-200 mTorr. The most common substrate for growing YIG is GGG (111) which stabilizes epitaxial growth of YIG 111

So stop your yappin’, buy some GGG and get YAGin’!

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

LINEAR FORMULA:
Gd3Ga5O12
PURITY: >99.99%
CRYSTAL ORIENTATION:  (100), (110) & (111)
GROWTH METHOD: Czochralski
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE: Cubic Garnet 
LATTICE CONSTANT: a = 12.383
MELTING POINT  (°C): 1730
THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT (/K): 8 x 10-6/K
HARDNESS (Mohs): 6.5-7.5
MOLAR MASS (G/MOL):
189.169
DENSITY (g/cm3): 7.08
REFRACTIVE INDEX: 1.95 @ 1064nm
DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS:
30
CHEMICAL STABILITY: 
SIZES: 5x5mm & 10x10 mm (or custom size)
TYPICAL THICKNESS: 0.5mm (or custom thickness)
SIZE TOLERANCES:  +/- 0.1mm
THICKNESS TOLERANCES:  +/- 0.015mm
ORIENTATION PRECISION: +/-0.5 degree
POLISHING OPTIONS: SINGLE SIDED (1SP) OR BOTH SIDES POLISHED (2SP)
ROUGHNESS RA: <0.5nm

XRD ANALYSIS

coming soon.

DELIVERY

How long does it take for you to ship out after purchase? In-Stock Substrates are held in our US warehouse and we aim to have substrates shipped out within 24-48 hours.

Pre-Order Substrates are manufactured and delivered in 3-4 weeks. 

How much is shipping? All substrates are shipped free of charge within the USA. This shipping takes approx 4-5 days to arrive once shipped. 

Expedited delivery? Faster delivery options are available. Below are some indicative prices. To get the cost for your package and location, just add your address at check out and select the shipping option you want to check.

  • USA FedEx 2 day delivery: typically $25 USD
  • USA FedEx Overnight Delivery: typically $65USD. 
  • Canada FedEx International Priority: typically $25 USD.

    Europe and UK Delivery? Approx cost for delivery is 50 Euros. Shipping costs will be calculated at check-out based on your address or please complete the quote form and we will email you the price. VAT and customs charges are payable by the buyer. 

    Rest of Worldwide Shipping? Shipping costs to the rest of the World, will be calculated at check-out. Please be aware that delivery times and tracking information vary for each country. Customs charges may apply if shipping outside of the US and are payable by the buyer.

      FAQS

      How can I place an order? The quickest way to get your item is to buy through the website – the order is automatically picked up in our system and in stock items ships out asap.

      We can accept purchase orders for established universities and companies and are happy to work with your institutes payment systems if required (although please note we are a small company so would prefer pre-payment via our website for small or one-off orders). 

      We have flexible payment options and can give you a quotation in any of the following currencies (USD $, CAD $, GBP £, EUROS €  AUD $).

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      Do you send substrates to Europe? Yes, we have many long term customers buy from all over Europe including France, UK, Germany, Italy, Norway, Netherlands. Please buy through the website or get in touch if you need a specific substrate. 

      We believe we have the cheapest and best quality products in the USA. If you find another US company with a lesser price (including delivery) we would be happy to price match. 

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